Hydrogen Fuel Cell Resources, HHO Generators

RE: Hydrogen Fracturing Process Memo WFC 420

Hydrogen Fracturing Process

Method

Using "Voltage Potential" to stimulate the water molecule to produce atomic energy on demand

Operational Parameters

Pulsing Transfonner

The pulsing transformer (A/G) steps up the voltage amplitude or voltage potential during pulsing operations. The primary coil is electrically isolated (no electrical connection between primary and secondary coil) to form Voltage Intensifier Circuit (AA) Figure (1-1). Voltage amplitude or voltage potential is increased when secondary coil (A) is wrapped with more turns of wire. Isolated electrical ground (J) prevents electron flow from input circuit ground.

Blocking Diode

Blocking Diode (B) prevents electrical "shorting" to secondary coil (A) during pulse-off time since the diode "only" conducts electrical energy in the direction of the schematic arrow.

LC Circuit

Resonant Charging Choke (C) in series with Excitor-array (El/E2) forms an inductor-capacitor circuit (LC) since the Excitor-Array (ER) acts or performs as an capacitor during pulsing operations, as illustrated in Figure (1-2) as to Figure (1-1).

The Dielectric Properties (insulator to the flow of amps) of natural water (dielectric constant being

78.54 @ 25c) between the electrical plates (El/E2) forms the capacitor (ER). Water now becomes part of the Voltage Intensifier Circuit in the form of "resistance" between electrical ground and pulse-frequency positive-potential ... helping to prevent electron flow within the pulsing circuit (AA) of Figure 1-1.

Stanley A. Meyer 1 -1

RE: Hydrogen Fracturing Process Memo WFC 420

The Inductor (C) takes on or becomes an Modulator Inductor which steps up an oscillation of an given charging frequency with the effective capacitance of an pulse-forming network in order to charge the voltage zones (E1/E2) to an higher potential beyond applied voltage input

The Inductance (C) and Capacitance (ER) properties of the LC circuit is therefore "tuned" to resonance at a certain frequency. The Resonant Frequency can be raised or lowered by changing the inductance and/or the capacitance values. The established resonant frequency is, of course, independent of voltage amplitude, as illustrated in Figure (1-3) as to Figure (1-4).

The value of the Inductor (C), the value of the capacitor (ER), and the pulse-frequency of the voltage being applied across the LC circuit determines the impedance of the LC circuit

The impedance of an inductor and a capacitor in series, Z series is given by

(Eq 1)

The Resonant Frequency (F) of an LC circuit in series is given by

(Eq 4)

Olun's Law for LC circuit in series is given by

(Eq 5)

Stanley A. Meyer 1 -2

LC Voltage

The voltage across the inductor (C) or capacitor (ER) is greater than the applied voltage (H). At frequency close to resonance, the voltage across the individual components is higher than the applied voltage (H), and, at resonant frequency, the voltage VT across both the inductor and the c:apacitor are theoretically infinite. However, physical constraints of components and circuit interaction prevents the voltage from reaching infinity.

The voltage (VL) across the inductor (C) is given by the equation

(Eq 6)

The voltage (VC) across the capacitor is given by

(Eq 7)

During resonant interaction, the incoming unipolar pulse-train (H) of Figure (1-1) as to Figure

1-5) produces an step-charging voltage-effect across Excitor-Array (ER), as illustrated in Figure i1-3) and Figure (1-4). Voltage intensity increases from zero 'ground-state' to an high positive voltage potential in an progressive function. Once the voltage-pulse is terminated or switched-off, voltage potential returns to "ground-state" or near ground-state to start the voltage deflection process over again.

Voltage intensity or level across Excitor-Array (ER) can exceed 20,000 volts due to circuit (AA) interaction and is directly related to pulse-train (H) variable amplitude input.

RLC Circuit

Inductor (C) is made of or composed of resistive wire (R2) to further restrict D.C. current flow beyond inductance reaction (XL), and, is given by (Eq 8)

Dual-inline RLC Network

Variable inductor-coil (D), similar to inductor (C) connected to opposite polarity voltage zone (E2) further inhibits electron movement or deflection within the Voltage Intensifier Circuit. Movable wiper arm fine "tunes" "Resonant Action" during pulsing operations. Inductor (D) in relationship to inductor

(C) electrically balances the opposite voltage electrical potential across voltage zones (EI/E2).

VIC Resistance

Since pickup coil (A) is also composed of or made of resistive wire-coil (Rl), then, total circuit resistance is given by

(Eq 9)

Where, RE is the dielectric constant of natural water. Ohm's Law as to applied electrical power, which is

(Eq 10)

Where

(Eq 11)

Whereby

Electrical power (P) is an linear relationship between two variables, voltage (E) and amps (I).

Voltage Dynamic

Potencal Energy

Voltage is "electrical pressure" or "electrical force" within an electrical circuit and is known as voltage potential". The higher the voltage potential, the greater "electrical attraction force" or Electrical repelling force" is applied to the electrical circuit. Voltage potential is an "unaltered" or “unchanged" energy-state when "electron movement" or "electron deflection" is prevented or

restricted within the electrical circuit.

Voltage Performs Work

Unlike voltage charges within an electrical circuit sets up an "electrical attraction force; whereas, like electrical charges within the same electrical circuit encourages an "repelling action". In both cases, electrical charge deflection or movement is directly related to applied voltage. These electrical "forces" are known as "voltage fields" and can exhibit either a positive or negative electrical charge.

Likewise, Ions or particles within the electrical circuit having unlike electrical charges are attracted to each other. Ions or particle masses having the same or like electrical charges will move away from one another, as illustrated in Figure (1-6).

Furthermore, electrical charged ions or particles can move toward stationary voltage fields of opposite polarity, and, is given by Newton's second Law

(Eq 12)

Where The acceleration (A) of an particle mass (M) acted on by a Net Force (F).

Stanley A. Meyer 1 -5

Whereby

Net Force (F) is the "electrical attraction force" between opposite electrically charged entities, and, is given by Coulomb's Law

(Eq 13)

Whereas

Difference of potential between two charges is measured by the work necessary to bring the charges together, and, is given by

(Eq 14)

The potential at a point due to a charge (q) at a distance (R) in a medium whose dielectric constant is (e).

Atomic Interaction to Voltage Stimulation

Atomic structure of an atom exhibits two types of electrical charged mass-entities. Orbital electrons having negative electrical charges (-) and a nucleus composed of protons having positive electrical charges (+). In stable electrical state, the number of negative electrically charged electrons equals the same number of positive electrically charged protons ... forming an atom having "no" net electrical charge.

Whenever one or more electrons are "dislodged" from the atom, the atom takes on a net positive electrical charge and is called a positive ion. If an electron combines with a stable or normal atom, the atom has a net negative charge and is called a negative ion.

Voltage potential within an electrical circuit (see Voltage Intensifier Circuit as to Figure 1-1) can cause one or more electrons to be dislodged from the atom due to opposite polarity attraction between unlike charged entities, as shown in Figure (1-8) (see Figure _1-_6 again as to Figure 1-9) as to Newtons's and Coulomb's Laws of electrical force (RR).

RE: Hydrogen Fracturing Process Memo WFC 420

The resultant electrical attraction force (qq') combines or joins unlike atoms together by way of covalent bonding to form molecules of gases, solids, or liquids.

When the unlike oxygen atom combines with two hydrogen atoms to from the water molecule by accepting the hydrogen electrons (aa' of Figure 1-7), the oxygen atoms become "net" negative electrically charged (-) since the restructured oxygen atom now occupies 10 negative electrically charged electrons as to only 8 positive electrically charged protons. The hydrogen atom with only itS positive charged proton remaining and unused, now, takes on a "net" positive electrical charge equal to the electrical intensity of the negative charges of the two electrons (aa') being shared by the oxygen atom ... satisfying the law of physics that for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. The sum total of the two positive charged hydrogen atoms (++) equaling the negative charged oxygen atom (--) forms a "no" net electrical charged molecule of water. Only the unlike atoms of the water molecule exhibits opposite electrical charges.

Voltage Dissociation of The Water Molecule

Placement of a pulse-voltage potential across the Excitor-Array (ER) while inhibiting or preventing electron flow from within the Voltage Intensifier Circuit (AA) causes the water molecule to separate into its component parts by, momentarily, pulling away orbital electrons from the water molecule, as illustrated in Figure (1-9).

The stationary "positive" electrical voltage-field (EI) not only attracts the negative charged oxygen atom but also pulls away negative charged electrons from the water molecule. At the same time, the stationary "negative" electrical voltage field (E2) attracts the positive charged hydrogen atoms. Once the negative electrically charged electrons are dislodged from the water molecule, covalent bonding (sharing electrons) ceases to exist, switching-off or disrupting the electrical attraction force (qq') between the water molecule atoms.

The liberated and moving atoms (having missing electrons) regain or capture the free floating electrons once applied voltage is switched-off during pulsing operations. The liberated and electrically stabilized atom having a net electrical charge of "zero" exit the water bath for hydrogen gas utilization.

Dissociation of the water molecule by way of voltage stimulation is herein called 'The Electrical Polarization Process".

Subjecting or exposing the water molecule to even higher voltage levels causes the liberated atoms to go into a "state" of gas ionization. Each liberated atom taking-on its own "net" electrical charge. The ionized atoms along with free floating negative charged electrons are, now, deflected (pulsing electrical voltage fields of opposite polarity) through the Electrical Polarization Process … imparting or superimposing a second physical-force (particle-impact) unto the electrically charged water bath. Oscillation (back and forth movement) of electrically charged particles by way of voltage deflection is hereinafter called "Resonant Action", as illustrated in Figure (1-10).

Attenuating and adjusting the "pulse-voltage-amplitude" with respect to the "pulse voltage frequency", now, produces hydrogen gas on demand while restricting amp flow.

Laser Interaction

Light-emitting diodes arranged in a Cluster-Array (see Figure 1-11) provides and emits a narrow band of visible light energy into the voltage stimulated water bath, as illustrated in Figure (1-13) as to Figure (112). The absorbed Laser Energy (Electromagnetic Energy) causes many atoms to lose electrons while highly energizing the liberated combustible gas ions prior to and during thermal gas-ignition. Laser or light intensity is linear with respect to the forward current through the LEDS, and, is determined by

Where I led is the specified forward current (typically 2Oma. per diode); V led is the LED voltage drop (typically 1.7 volts for red emitters).

Ohm's Law for LED circuit in parallel array, and is given by

(Eq 16)

Where (It) is the forward current through LED cluster-Array: Vcc is volts applied (typically 5 volts).

Stanley A. Meyer 1 -8

RE: Hydrogen Fracturing Process Memo WFC 420

---.

Whereby

Laser or light intensity is variable as to duty cycle on/off pulse-frequency from 1Hz to 65 Hz and above is given by

(Eq 17)

Le is light intensity in watt; Tl is current on-time; T2 is current off-time; and (ION)=RMS value of load current during on-period.

Injecting Laser Energy into the Electrical Polarization Process and controlling the intensity of the light-energy causes the Combustible Gases to reach a higher energy-state (electromagnetically priming the combustible gas ions) which, in turn, accelerates gas production while raising gas-flame temperatures beyond "normal" gas-burning levels.

Injecting "Electromagnetically Primed" and "Electrically Charged" combustible gas ions (from water) into other light-activated Resonant Cavities further promotes gas-yield beyond voltage/laser stimulation, as illustrated in Figure (1-16) as to Figure (1-18).

Electron Extraction Process

Exposing the displaced and moving combustible gas atoms (exiting waterbath and passing through Gas Resonant Cavity (T), Figure (1-17) as to Figure (1-18) to another or separate pulsating laser energy-source (V) at higher voltage levels (E3/E4) causes more electrons to be "pulled away" or "dislodged" from the gas atoms, as illustrated in Figure (1-15) as to Figure (1-8).

The absorbed Laser Energy "forces" or "deflects" the electrons away from the gas atom nucleus during voltage-pulse Off-Time. The recurring positive voltage-pulse (k) attracts (qq') the liberated negative electrically charged electrons to positive voltage zone (E3). While, at the same time, the pulsating negative electrical voltage potential (E4) attracts (qq') the positive electrical charged nucleus.

The Positive Electrical Voltage Field (E3) and Negative Electrical Voltage Fields (E4) are

Stanley A. Meyer 1 -9

triggered "Simultaneously" during the same duty-pulse.

Electron Extraction Circuit (BB) of Figure (1-14) removes. captures. and consumes the "dislodged" electrons (from the gas atoms) to cause the gas atoms to go into and reach "Critical-State", forming highly energized combustible gas atoms having missing electrons. Resistive values (R4. R6, R7, and dialectic constant of gas Rg) and isolated electrical ground (W) prevents "electronflow" or "electron deflection" from occurring within circuit (BB) during pulsing operations (at resonant frequency) and. therefore, keeps the gas atoms in critical-state by "NOT" allowing electron replacement to occur or take place between the moving gas atoms.

The "dislodged" negative charged electrons are "destroyed" or "consumed" in the form of "heat" when Amp Consuming Devise (S) (such as a light bulb) is positive electrically energized during alternate pulsing operations. Laser activated or laser primed gas ions repels the "dislodged" electrons being consumed. as illustrated in Figure (1-8) as to Figure (1-20). The Electron Extraction Process (BB) is, hereinafter, called "The Hydrogen Gas Gun" and is placed on top of a Resonant Cavity Assembly, as illustrated in Figure (1-17) as to Figure (1-18).

Thermal Explosive Energy

Exposing the expelling "laser-primed" and "electrically charged" combustible gas ions (exiting from Gas Resonant Cavity) to a thermal-spark or heat-zone causes thermal gas-ignition, releasing thermal explosive energy (gmt) beyond the Gas-Flame Stage, as illustrated in Figure (1-19) as to (1-18).

Thermal Atomic interaction (gmt) is caused when the combustible gas ions (from water) fail to unite or form a Covalent Link-up or Covalent Bond between the water molecule atoms. as illustrated in Figure (1-19). The oxygen atom having less than four covalent electrons (Electron Extraction Process) is unable to reach "Stable-State" (six to eight covalent electrons required) when the two hydrogen atoms seeks to form the water molecule during thermal gas ignition.

The absorbed Laser energy (Va. Vb and V c) weakens the "Electrical Bond" between the orbital electrons and the nucleus of the atoms; while, at the same time, electrical attraction-force (qq'), being stronger than "Normal" due to the lack of covalent electrons. "Locks Onto" and "Keeps" the hydrogen electrons. These “abnormal” or “unstable” conditions cause the combustible gas ions to over compensate and breakdown into thermal explosive energy (gmt). This Atomic Thermal-

RE: Hydrogen Fracturing Process Memo WFC 420

Interaction between highly energized combustible gas ions is hereinafter called "The Hydrogen

Fracturing Process."

By simply attenuating or varying voltage amplitude in direct relationship to voltage pulse-rate

determines Atomic Power-Yield under controlled state.

Rocket Propulsion

Add-on Resonant Cavities (placed beneath the Hydrogen Gas Gun Assembly) arranged in parallel to vertical Cluster-Array increases the atomic Energy-Yield of the Hydrogen Fracturing Process undergoing thermal gas-ignition, as illustrated in Figure (1-22) as to Figure (1-18). This Cluster-Assembly or Cluster-form is, hereinafter, called "The water powered rocket engine".

Prolonged-rocket-flights carrying heavier payloads is achieved by liquefying the "specially treated” combustible gas ions (laser primed oxygen gas atoms having missing electrons and laser primed hydrogen gas atoms) under pressure in separate fuel tanks affixed to a Rocket Engine, as illustrated in Figure (1-21). Rocket thrust is now controlled by the flow rate of the combustible ionized gases entering the combustion chamber of the rocket engine once gas-ignition occurs.

In Summation

The Hydrogen Fracturing Process simply triggers and releases atomic energy from natural water by allowing highly energized sub-critical combustible gas ions to come together during thermal gas ignition. The Voltage Intensifier circuit brings on the "Electrical Polarization Process" that switches off the covalent bond of the water molecule without consuming amps. The Electrical Extraction Circuit not only decreases the mass size of the combustible gas atoms; but, also, and at the same time produces "electrical energy" when the liberated electrons are directed away from the Hydrogen Gas Gun Assembly.

The Hydrogen Fracturing Process has the capability of releasing thermal explosive energy up to and beyond 2.5 million barrels of oil per gallon of water under controlled state…which simply prevents the formation of the water molecule during thermal gas ignition…releasing thermal explosive energy beyond the normal gas combustion process. The Hydrogen Fracturing Process is environmentally safe.

The Hydrogen Fracturing Process is design-variable to retrofit to any type of energy consuming devise since the Hydrogen Gas Gun can be reduced to the size of an auto spark plug or a gas injector pan of a fighter aircraft or enlarged to form a rocket engine. Prototyping determines operational parameters. The Hydrogen Fracturing Process is registered and certified under the Patent Cooperation Treaty Act via foreign grant license #492680 issued July 10, 1989 and foreign grant license #490606 issued Nov. 15, 1988 by the United States of America as to Hydrogen Fracturing Process U.S. patent #4,826,581 issued May 2, 1989, Electrical Polarization Process U.S. Patent #4,936,961 issued Iune26, 1990, Resonant Cavity Voltage Intensifier Circuit (VIC) U.S. Patent 5,149,407 issued Sept 22, 1992, and other U.S;- patents pending under the Patent Cooperation Treaty Act (PCT) Worldwide. (see WFC "Patents Granted To Date").

Stanley A. Meyer 1 -23

RE: Quenching Circuit Technology Memo WFC 421

Quenching Circuit Technology

(Rendering Hydrogen safer than Natural Gas)

Operational Parameters

Spark-Ignition Tube

Spark-Ignition Tube (B) is a tubular test apparatus (1/8 diameter) that determines and measures

the "Bum-Rate" of different types of Burnable Gases intermixed with Ambient Air, as illustrated in

Figure (2-1).

Spark-Ignitor (A) causes and starts the Burnable Gas-Mixture (B) to undergo Gas-Ignition

which, in turns, supports and allows Gas Combustion to take place ... forming and sustaining a Gas-

Flame. The expanding and moving Gas-Flame travels (away from spark-ignitor) the linear length of the

gas filled tube (C) and is "detected" and "measured" (length between spark-ignitor and light-detector) in

one second after gas-ignition. The Gas-Ignition Process, now, establishes the "Burn-Rate" of a Burnable

Gas-Mixture in centimetres per second (cm/sec.), as illustrated in Figure (2-2).

Different types of "Burnable" Gas-Mixtures exposed to the Gas-Ignition Process were tested,

measured, recorded and systematically arranged as to cm/sec. length, see vertical bar Graph (2-2) again. The Gas-Ignition Process was performed several times to establish the "average" Burn-Rate of the Fuel-Gases which, in turn, establishes the length of the vertical bars.

Gas Injection Process

Injecting and intermixing an Non-Combustible Gas (D) (non-burnable gas) with the -'Burnable" Gas-Mixture (B) "changes" or "alters" the gas-mixture "Burn-Rate". Increasing the volume-amount of Non-Combustible Gas (D) diminishes and/or lowers the "Burn-Rate" of the Gas-Mixture (B/D) still further. Progressive and controlled intermixing of the non-combustible gases (B/D) allowed the "Burn-Rate" of Hydrogen to be "lowered" or "adjusted" to "match" or ... :o-equal" the "Bum-Rate" of other Fuel-Gases, see curve line in Figure (2-2).

In terms of operational performance, the Non-Burnable gas (D) does "Not" support the ::Ji5 Combustion Process since the Non-Burnable Gas (D) "restricts" or "retards" the speed at

RE: Quenching Circuit Technology Memo WFC 421

which the Oxygen Atom unites with Hydrogen Atoms to cause Gas Combustion. The "Gas Retarding Process" is, of course, applicable to any type or combination of Burnable Gases or Burnable gas-mixture.

Gas Mixing Regulator

Inherently, the Water Fuel Cell allows the "Burn-Rate" of Hydrogen to be "Changed" or

"adjusted" from 325 cm/sec. to 42 cm/sec. (Co-equalling Natural Gas Burning levels) since Non-

Combustible Gases (such as Nitrogen, Argon, and other non-burnable gases) derived from Ambient

Air dissolved in natural water performs the Gas Retarding Process ... sustaining and maintaining an

Open-Air Flame beyond 5000-degrees F, as illustrated in Figure (2-3)

Natural water acts and performs as a "Gas-Mixing Regulator" when the Fuel-Cell is electrically energized by way of voltage stimulation (Electrical Polarization Process) ....producing a uniform gas-mixture (B/D) regardless of the Gas Flow-Rate of the Fuel-Cell…producing a uniform gas-mixture (B/D) only when needed. In quiescent-state, the supply of gases (BID) being released from the water bath is "terminated" and "stopped" when the Fuel-Cell becomes "deenergized". The unused water, of course, remains as a non-burnable liquid. The gases (B/D) above the water bath is "vented" for safety purposes.

Flame Temperature Adjustment

By capturing and recycling the expelled non-combustible gas (D) (derived from and supplied by the water bath) back into the sustained hydrogen gas-flame or Fuel-Cell causes the gas-flame temperature to be "changed" or "altered" by way of the Gas Retarding Process, as illustrated in Figure (2-4) as to Figure (2-3). The recycling gases (D) controlled by an Gas Flow Regulator allows the gas flame-temperature to be "adjusted" or "calibrated" to any gas burning level (S), as so illustrated in Figure (2-2).

The "newly" formed and established gas flame-temperature remains constant regardless of the gas flow-rate of the Fuel-Cell. Continual feedback of non-combustible gases (D) is, hereinafter, called "The Gas Combustion Stabilization Process".

Automatically, the Gas Combustion Stabilization Process changes the "Burn-Rate" of the Fuel Cell gases (B/D) when obtaining the desired gas-flame temperature.

Stanley A. Meyer

2-2

RE: Hydrogen Fracturing Process Memo WFC 420

Hydrogen Fracturing Process

Method

Using "Voltage Potential" to stimulate the water molecule to produce atomic energy on demand

Operational Parameters

Pulsing Transfonner

The pulsing transformer (A/G) steps up the voltage amplitude or voltage potential during pulsing operations. The primary coil is electrically isolated (no electrical connection between primary and secondary coil) to form Voltage Intensifier Circuit (AA) Figure (1-1). Voltage amplitude or voltage potential is increased when secondary coil (A) is wrapped with more turns of wire. Isolated electrical ground (J) prevents electron flow from input circuit ground.

Blocking Diode

Blocking Diode (B) prevents electrical "shorting" to secondary coil (A) during pulse-off time since the diode "only" conducts electrical energy in the direction of the schematic arrow.

LC Circuit

Resonant Charging Choke (C) in series with Excitor-array (El/E2) forms an inductor-capacitor circuit (LC) since the Excitor-Array (ER) acts or performs as an capacitor during pulsing operations, as illustrated in Figure (1-2) as to Figure (1-1).

The Dielectric Properties (insulator to the flow of amps) of natural water (dielectric constant being

78.54 @ 25c) between the electrical plates (El/E2) forms the capacitor (ER). Water now becomes part of the Voltage Intensifier Circuit in the form of "resistance" between electrical ground and pulse-frequency positive-potential ... helping to prevent electron flow within the pulsing circuit (AA) of Figure 1-1.

Stanley A. Meyer 1 -1

RE: Hydrogen Fracturing Process Memo WFC 420

The Inductor (C) takes on or becomes an Modulator Inductor which steps up an oscillation of an given charging frequency with the effective capacitance of an pulse-forming network in order to charge the voltage zones (E1/E2) to an higher potential beyond applied voltage input

The Inductance (C) and Capacitance (ER) properties of the LC circuit is therefore "tuned" to resonance at a certain frequency. The Resonant Frequency can be raised or lowered by changing the inductance and/or the capacitance values. The established resonant frequency is, of course, independent of voltage amplitude, as illustrated in Figure (1-3) as to Figure (1-4).

The value of the Inductor (C), the value of the capacitor (ER), and the pulse-frequency of the voltage being applied across the LC circuit determines the impedance of the LC circuit

The impedance of an inductor and a capacitor in series, Z series is given by

(Eq 1)

The Resonant Frequency (F) of an LC circuit in series is given by

(Eq 4)

Olun's Law for LC circuit in series is given by

(Eq 5)

Stanley A. Meyer 1 -2

LC Voltage

The voltage across the inductor (C) or capacitor (ER) is greater than the applied voltage (H). At frequency close to resonance, the voltage across the individual components is higher than the applied voltage (H), and, at resonant frequency, the voltage VT across both the inductor and the c:apacitor are theoretically infinite. However, physical constraints of components and circuit interaction prevents the voltage from reaching infinity.

The voltage (VL) across the inductor (C) is given by the equation

(Eq 6)

The voltage (VC) across the capacitor is given by

(Eq 7)

During resonant interaction, the incoming unipolar pulse-train (H) of Figure (1-1) as to Figure

1-5) produces an step-charging voltage-effect across Excitor-Array (ER), as illustrated in Figure i1-3) and Figure (1-4). Voltage intensity increases from zero 'ground-state' to an high positive voltage potential in an progressive function. Once the voltage-pulse is terminated or switched-off, voltage potential returns to "ground-state" or near ground-state to start the voltage deflection process over again.

Voltage intensity or level across Excitor-Array (ER) can exceed 20,000 volts due to circuit (AA) interaction and is directly related to pulse-train (H) variable amplitude input.

RLC Circuit

Inductor (C) is made of or composed of resistive wire (R2) to further restrict D.C. current flow beyond inductance reaction (XL), and, is given by (Eq 8)

Dual-inline RLC Network

Variable inductor-coil (D), similar to inductor (C) connected to opposite polarity voltage zone (E2) further inhibits electron movement or deflection within the Voltage Intensifier Circuit. Movable wiper arm fine "tunes" "Resonant Action" during pulsing operations. Inductor (D) in relationship to inductor

(C) electrically balances the opposite voltage electrical potential across voltage zones (EI/E2).

VIC Resistance

Since pickup coil (A) is also composed of or made of resistive wire-coil (Rl), then, total circuit resistance is given by

(Eq 9)

Where, RE is the dielectric constant of natural water. Ohm's Law as to applied electrical power, which is

(Eq 10)

Where

(Eq 11)

Whereby

Electrical power (P) is an linear relationship between two variables, voltage (E) and amps (I).

Voltage Dynamic

Potencal Energy

Voltage is "electrical pressure" or "electrical force" within an electrical circuit and is known as voltage potential". The higher the voltage potential, the greater "electrical attraction force" or Electrical repelling force" is applied to the electrical circuit. Voltage potential is an "unaltered" or “unchanged" energy-state when "electron movement" or "electron deflection" is prevented or

restricted within the electrical circuit.

Voltage Performs Work

Unlike voltage charges within an electrical circuit sets up an "electrical attraction force; whereas, like electrical charges within the same electrical circuit encourages an "repelling action". In both cases, electrical charge deflection or movement is directly related to applied voltage. These electrical "forces" are known as "voltage fields" and can exhibit either a positive or negative electrical charge.

Likewise, Ions or particles within the electrical circuit having unlike electrical charges are attracted to each other. Ions or particle masses having the same or like electrical charges will move away from one another, as illustrated in Figure (1-6).

Furthermore, electrical charged ions or particles can move toward stationary voltage fields of opposite polarity, and, is given by Newton's second Law

(Eq 12)

Where The acceleration (A) of an particle mass (M) acted on by a Net Force (F).

Stanley A. Meyer 1 -5

Whereby

Net Force (F) is the "electrical attraction force" between opposite electrically charged entities, and, is given by Coulomb's Law

(Eq 13)

Whereas

Difference of potential between two charges is measured by the work necessary to bring the charges together, and, is given by

(Eq 14)

The potential at a point due to a charge (q) at a distance (R) in a medium whose dielectric constant is (e).

Atomic Interaction to Voltage Stimulation

Atomic structure of an atom exhibits two types of electrical charged mass-entities. Orbital electrons having negative electrical charges (-) and a nucleus composed of protons having positive electrical charges (+). In stable electrical state, the number of negative electrically charged electrons equals the same number of positive electrically charged protons ... forming an atom having "no" net electrical charge.

Whenever one or more electrons are "dislodged" from the atom, the atom takes on a net positive electrical charge and is called a positive ion. If an electron combines with a stable or normal atom, the atom has a net negative charge and is called a negative ion.

Voltage potential within an electrical circuit (see Voltage Intensifier Circuit as to Figure 1-1) can cause one or more electrons to be dislodged from the atom due to opposite polarity attraction between unlike charged entities, as shown in Figure (1-8) (see Figure _1-_6 again as to Figure 1-9) as to Newtons's and Coulomb's Laws of electrical force (RR).

RE: Hydrogen Fracturing Process Memo WFC 420

The resultant electrical attraction force (qq') combines or joins unlike atoms together by way of covalent bonding to form molecules of gases, solids, or liquids.

When the unlike oxygen atom combines with two hydrogen atoms to from the water molecule by accepting the hydrogen electrons (aa' of Figure 1-7), the oxygen atoms become "net" negative electrically charged (-) since the restructured oxygen atom now occupies 10 negative electrically charged electrons as to only 8 positive electrically charged protons. The hydrogen atom with only itS positive charged proton remaining and unused, now, takes on a "net" positive electrical charge equal to the electrical intensity of the negative charges of the two electrons (aa') being shared by the oxygen atom ... satisfying the law of physics that for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. The sum total of the two positive charged hydrogen atoms (++) equaling the negative charged oxygen atom (--) forms a "no" net electrical charged molecule of water. Only the unlike atoms of the water molecule exhibits opposite electrical charges.

Voltage Dissociation of The Water Molecule

Placement of a pulse-voltage potential across the Excitor-Array (ER) while inhibiting or preventing electron flow from within the Voltage Intensifier Circuit (AA) causes the water molecule to separate into its component parts by, momentarily, pulling away orbital electrons from the water molecule, as illustrated in Figure (1-9).

The stationary "positive" electrical voltage-field (EI) not only attracts the negative charged oxygen atom but also pulls away negative charged electrons from the water molecule. At the same time, the stationary "negative" electrical voltage field (E2) attracts the positive charged hydrogen atoms. Once the negative electrically charged electrons are dislodged from the water molecule, covalent bonding (sharing electrons) ceases to exist, switching-off or disrupting the electrical attraction force (qq') between the water molecule atoms.

The liberated and moving atoms (having missing electrons) regain or capture the free floating electrons once applied voltage is switched-off during pulsing operations. The liberated and electrically stabilized atom having a net electrical charge of "zero" exit the water bath for hydrogen gas utilization.

Dissociation of the water molecule by way of voltage stimulation is herein called 'The Electrical Polarization Process".

Subjecting or exposing the water molecule to even higher voltage levels causes the liberated atoms to go into a "state" of gas ionization. Each liberated atom taking-on its own "net" electrical charge. The ionized atoms along with free floating negative charged electrons are, now, deflected (pulsing electrical voltage fields of opposite polarity) through the Electrical Polarization Process … imparting or superimposing a second physical-force (particle-impact) unto the electrically charged water bath. Oscillation (back and forth movement) of electrically charged particles by way of voltage deflection is hereinafter called "Resonant Action", as illustrated in Figure (1-10).

Attenuating and adjusting the "pulse-voltage-amplitude" with respect to the "pulse voltage frequency", now, produces hydrogen gas on demand while restricting amp flow.

Laser Interaction

Light-emitting diodes arranged in a Cluster-Array (see Figure 1-11) provides and emits a narrow band of visible light energy into the voltage stimulated water bath, as illustrated in Figure (1-13) as to Figure (112). The absorbed Laser Energy (Electromagnetic Energy) causes many atoms to lose electrons while highly energizing the liberated combustible gas ions prior to and during thermal gas-ignition. Laser or light intensity is linear with respect to the forward current through the LEDS, and, is determined by

Where I led is the specified forward current (typically 2Oma. per diode); V led is the LED voltage drop (typically 1.7 volts for red emitters).

Ohm's Law for LED circuit in parallel array, and is given by

(Eq 16)

Where (It) is the forward current through LED cluster-Array: Vcc is volts applied (typically 5 volts).

Stanley A. Meyer 1 -8

RE: Hydrogen Fracturing Process Memo WFC 420

---.

Whereby

Laser or light intensity is variable as to duty cycle on/off pulse-frequency from 1Hz to 65 Hz and above is given by

(Eq 17)

Le is light intensity in watt; Tl is current on-time; T2 is current off-time; and (ION)=RMS value of load current during on-period.

Injecting Laser Energy into the Electrical Polarization Process and controlling the intensity of the light-energy causes the Combustible Gases to reach a higher energy-state (electromagnetically priming the combustible gas ions) which, in turn, accelerates gas production while raising gas-flame temperatures beyond "normal" gas-burning levels.

Injecting "Electromagnetically Primed" and "Electrically Charged" combustible gas ions (from water) into other light-activated Resonant Cavities further promotes gas-yield beyond voltage/laser stimulation, as illustrated in Figure (1-16) as to Figure (1-18).

Electron Extraction Process

Exposing the displaced and moving combustible gas atoms (exiting waterbath and passing through Gas Resonant Cavity (T), Figure (1-17) as to Figure (1-18) to another or separate pulsating laser energy-source (V) at higher voltage levels (E3/E4) causes more electrons to be "pulled away" or "dislodged" from the gas atoms, as illustrated in Figure (1-15) as to Figure (1-8).

The absorbed Laser Energy "forces" or "deflects" the electrons away from the gas atom nucleus during voltage-pulse Off-Time. The recurring positive voltage-pulse (k) attracts (qq') the liberated negative electrically charged electrons to positive voltage zone (E3). While, at the same time, the pulsating negative electrical voltage potential (E4) attracts (qq') the positive electrical charged nucleus.

The Positive Electrical Voltage Field (E3) and Negative Electrical Voltage Fields (E4) are

Stanley A. Meyer 1 -9

triggered "Simultaneously" during the same duty-pulse.

Electron Extraction Circuit (BB) of Figure (1-14) removes. captures. and consumes the "dislodged" electrons (from the gas atoms) to cause the gas atoms to go into and reach "Critical-State", forming highly energized combustible gas atoms having missing electrons. Resistive values (R4. R6, R7, and dialectic constant of gas Rg) and isolated electrical ground (W) prevents "electronflow" or "electron deflection" from occurring within circuit (BB) during pulsing operations (at resonant frequency) and. therefore, keeps the gas atoms in critical-state by "NOT" allowing electron replacement to occur or take place between the moving gas atoms.

The "dislodged" negative charged electrons are "destroyed" or "consumed" in the form of "heat" when Amp Consuming Devise (S) (such as a light bulb) is positive electrically energized during alternate pulsing operations. Laser activated or laser primed gas ions repels the "dislodged" electrons being consumed. as illustrated in Figure (1-8) as to Figure (1-20). The Electron Extraction Process (BB) is, hereinafter, called "The Hydrogen Gas Gun" and is placed on top of a Resonant Cavity Assembly, as illustrated in Figure (1-17) as to Figure (1-18).

Thermal Explosive Energy

Exposing the expelling "laser-primed" and "electrically charged" combustible gas ions (exiting from Gas Resonant Cavity) to a thermal-spark or heat-zone causes thermal gas-ignition, releasing thermal explosive energy (gmt) beyond the Gas-Flame Stage, as illustrated in Figure (1-19) as to (1-18).

Thermal Atomic interaction (gmt) is caused when the combustible gas ions (from water) fail to unite or form a Covalent Link-up or Covalent Bond between the water molecule atoms. as illustrated in Figure (1-19). The oxygen atom having less than four covalent electrons (Electron Extraction Process) is unable to reach "Stable-State" (six to eight covalent electrons required) when the two hydrogen atoms seeks to form the water molecule during thermal gas ignition.

The absorbed Laser energy (Va. Vb and V c) weakens the "Electrical Bond" between the orbital electrons and the nucleus of the atoms; while, at the same time, electrical attraction-force (qq'), being stronger than "Normal" due to the lack of covalent electrons. "Locks Onto" and "Keeps" the hydrogen electrons. These “abnormal” or “unstable” conditions cause the combustible gas ions to over compensate and breakdown into thermal explosive energy (gmt). This Atomic Thermal-

RE: Hydrogen Fracturing Process Memo WFC 420

Interaction between highly energized combustible gas ions is hereinafter called "The Hydrogen

Fracturing Process."

By simply attenuating or varying voltage amplitude in direct relationship to voltage pulse-rate

determines Atomic Power-Yield under controlled state.

Rocket Propulsion

Add-on Resonant Cavities (placed beneath the Hydrogen Gas Gun Assembly) arranged in parallel to vertical Cluster-Array increases the atomic Energy-Yield of the Hydrogen Fracturing Process undergoing thermal gas-ignition, as illustrated in Figure (1-22) as to Figure (1-18). This Cluster-Assembly or Cluster-form is, hereinafter, called "The water powered rocket engine".

Prolonged-rocket-flights carrying heavier payloads is achieved by liquefying the "specially treated” combustible gas ions (laser primed oxygen gas atoms having missing electrons and laser primed hydrogen gas atoms) under pressure in separate fuel tanks affixed to a Rocket Engine, as illustrated in Figure (1-21). Rocket thrust is now controlled by the flow rate of the combustible ionized gases entering the combustion chamber of the rocket engine once gas-ignition occurs.

In Summation

The Hydrogen Fracturing Process simply triggers and releases atomic energy from natural water by allowing highly energized sub-critical combustible gas ions to come together during thermal gas ignition. The Voltage Intensifier circuit brings on the "Electrical Polarization Process" that switches off the covalent bond of the water molecule without consuming amps. The Electrical Extraction Circuit not only decreases the mass size of the combustible gas atoms; but, also, and at the same time produces "electrical energy" when the liberated electrons are directed away from the Hydrogen Gas Gun Assembly.

The Hydrogen Fracturing Process has the capability of releasing thermal explosive energy up to and beyond 2.5 million barrels of oil per gallon of water under controlled state…which simply prevents the formation of the water molecule during thermal gas ignition…releasing thermal explosive energy beyond the normal gas combustion process. The Hydrogen Fracturing Process is environmentally safe.

The Hydrogen Fracturing Process is design-variable to retrofit to any type of energy consuming devise since the Hydrogen Gas Gun can be reduced to the size of an auto spark plug or a gas injector pan of a fighter aircraft or enlarged to form a rocket engine. Prototyping determines operational parameters. The Hydrogen Fracturing Process is registered and certified under the Patent Cooperation Treaty Act via foreign grant license #492680 issued July 10, 1989 and foreign grant license #490606 issued Nov. 15, 1988 by the United States of America as to Hydrogen Fracturing Process U.S. patent #4,826,581 issued May 2, 1989, Electrical Polarization Process U.S. Patent #4,936,961 issued Iune26, 1990, Resonant Cavity Voltage Intensifier Circuit (VIC) U.S. Patent 5,149,407 issued Sept 22, 1992, and other U.S;- patents pending under the Patent Cooperation Treaty Act (PCT) Worldwide. (see WFC "Patents Granted To Date").

Stanley A. Meyer 1 -23

RE: Quenching Circuit Technology Memo WFC 421

Quenching Circuit Technology

(Rendering Hydrogen safer than Natural Gas)

Operational Parameters

Spark-Ignition Tube

Spark-Ignition Tube (B) is a tubular test apparatus (1/8 diameter) that determines and measures

the "Bum-Rate" of different types of Burnable Gases intermixed with Ambient Air, as illustrated in

Figure (2-1).

Spark-Ignitor (A) causes and starts the Burnable Gas-Mixture (B) to undergo Gas-Ignition

which, in turns, supports and allows Gas Combustion to take place ... forming and sustaining a Gas-

Flame. The expanding and moving Gas-Flame travels (away from spark-ignitor) the linear length of the

gas filled tube (C) and is "detected" and "measured" (length between spark-ignitor and light-detector) in

one second after gas-ignition. The Gas-Ignition Process, now, establishes the "Burn-Rate" of a Burnable

Gas-Mixture in centimetres per second (cm/sec.), as illustrated in Figure (2-2).

Different types of "Burnable" Gas-Mixtures exposed to the Gas-Ignition Process were tested,

measured, recorded and systematically arranged as to cm/sec. length, see vertical bar Graph (2-2) again. The Gas-Ignition Process was performed several times to establish the "average" Burn-Rate of the Fuel-Gases which, in turn, establishes the length of the vertical bars.

Gas Injection Process

Injecting and intermixing an Non-Combustible Gas (D) (non-burnable gas) with the -'Burnable" Gas-Mixture (B) "changes" or "alters" the gas-mixture "Burn-Rate". Increasing the volume-amount of Non-Combustible Gas (D) diminishes and/or lowers the "Burn-Rate" of the Gas-Mixture (B/D) still further. Progressive and controlled intermixing of the non-combustible gases (B/D) allowed the "Burn-Rate" of Hydrogen to be "lowered" or "adjusted" to "match" or ... :o-equal" the "Bum-Rate" of other Fuel-Gases, see curve line in Figure (2-2).

In terms of operational performance, the Non-Burnable gas (D) does "Not" support the ::Ji5 Combustion Process since the Non-Burnable Gas (D) "restricts" or "retards" the speed at

RE: Quenching Circuit Technology Memo WFC 421

which the Oxygen Atom unites with Hydrogen Atoms to cause Gas Combustion. The "Gas Retarding Process" is, of course, applicable to any type or combination of Burnable Gases or Burnable gas-mixture.

Gas Mixing Regulator

Inherently, the Water Fuel Cell allows the "Burn-Rate" of Hydrogen to be "Changed" or

"adjusted" from 325 cm/sec. to 42 cm/sec. (Co-equalling Natural Gas Burning levels) since Non-

Combustible Gases (such as Nitrogen, Argon, and other non-burnable gases) derived from Ambient

Air dissolved in natural water performs the Gas Retarding Process ... sustaining and maintaining an

Open-Air Flame beyond 5000-degrees F, as illustrated in Figure (2-3)

Natural water acts and performs as a "Gas-Mixing Regulator" when the Fuel-Cell is electrically energized by way of voltage stimulation (Electrical Polarization Process) ....producing a uniform gas-mixture (B/D) regardless of the Gas Flow-Rate of the Fuel-Cell…producing a uniform gas-mixture (B/D) only when needed. In quiescent-state, the supply of gases (BID) being released from the water bath is "terminated" and "stopped" when the Fuel-Cell becomes "deenergized". The unused water, of course, remains as a non-burnable liquid. The gases (B/D) above the water bath is "vented" for safety purposes.

Flame Temperature Adjustment

By capturing and recycling the expelled non-combustible gas (D) (derived from and supplied by the water bath) back into the sustained hydrogen gas-flame or Fuel-Cell causes the gas-flame temperature to be "changed" or "altered" by way of the Gas Retarding Process, as illustrated in Figure (2-4) as to Figure (2-3). The recycling gases (D) controlled by an Gas Flow Regulator allows the gas flame-temperature to be "adjusted" or "calibrated" to any gas burning level (S), as so illustrated in Figure (2-2).

The "newly" formed and established gas flame-temperature remains constant regardless of the gas flow-rate of the Fuel-Cell. Continual feedback of non-combustible gases (D) is, hereinafter, called "The Gas Combustion Stabilization Process".

Automatically, the Gas Combustion Stabilization Process changes the "Burn-Rate" of the Fuel Cell gases (B/D) when obtaining the desired gas-flame temperature.

Stanley A. Meyer

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